Assertion (A): The Supreme Court of India recently published the familial ties and demographic background data of candidates approved by the Collegium. Reason (R): The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act mandates the publication of candidates' backgrounds to ensure transparency in judicial appointments. Select the correct answer:

Consider the following statements regarding clinical drug approvals in India and Baloxavir Marboxil: 1. The Subject Expert Committee (SEC) under CDSCO can grant local Phase III clinical trial waivers if a drug targets an unmet medical need or life-threatening condition in India. 2. Baloxavir Marboxil acts as a polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitor, halting viral replication through a 'cap snatching' mechanism. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the legal status of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) upon religious conversion in India? 1. According to the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, a person who converts to Christianity or Islam completely loses their Scheduled Caste status. 2. Similar to Scheduled Castes, individuals belonging to Scheduled Tribes (STs) immediately lose their ST status upon converting to a religion outside of Hinduism, Sikhism, or Buddhism.

Assertion (A): The Rajya Sabha did not formally pass the Manipur GST (Second Amendment) Bill, 2025, but merely returned it to the Lok Sabha. Reason (R): Under Article 356, the Rajya Sabha loses all its legislative powers regarding a state, and only the Lok Sabha can legislate on matters enumerated in the State List. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the newly discovered Facciolella smithi and its exploring agency?

Assertion (A): The 2023 National Repowering Policy places a strong emphasis on replacing early-installed wind turbines in states like Tamil Nadu and Gujarat to maximize energy yield per square kilometer. Reason (R): Early wind power projects in India occupied the highest wind-velocity sites but utilized inefficient sub-MW capacity turbines with significantly lower hub heights. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Minimum Support Price (MSP) framework in India? 1. The MSP is announced by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). 2. The current policy mandates fixing the MSP at a minimum of 1.5 times the comprehensive 'C2' cost of production.

Assertion (A): During the 23rd Annual Bilateral Summit, India and Russia formalized the 'Temporary Labour Activity Agreement' to promote organized Indian migration. Reason (R): Russia is experiencing an acute domestic labour shortage exacerbated by its ongoing war mobilization and demographic decline.

Assertion (A): The India-Sri Lanka Joint Working Group (JWG) on Fisheries has successfully eliminated the arrests of Indian fishermen by the Sri Lankan Navy. Reason (R): Sri Lanka amended its Foreign Fishing Vessels Law in 2018 to impose strict fines and suspended sentences on foreign vessels crossing the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL). Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

With reference to the National Quantum Mission (NQM) and its implementation, consider the following statements: 1. The mission targets the development of intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50 to 1,000 physical qubits by the year 2031. 2. The recent expansion of quantum academic infrastructure is accompanied by the alignment of DST research manpower guidelines with the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) framework.

With reference to the 2025 India-UK Memorandum of Understanding on Health and Life Sciences, consider the following statements: 1. It includes provisions for India to collaborate on the reform and digitization of the UK's National Health Service (NHS). 2. The agreement excludes cybersecurity in healthcare, focusing solely on traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing. 3. Combating Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) is one of the core focus areas of joint research under this framework. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the 22nd ASEAN-India Summit? 1. The summit declared 2026 as the 'ASEAN-India Year of Maritime Cooperation'. 2. Timor-Leste was welcomed as a new participating member during the summit.

Which of the following statements regarding the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) is/are correct? 1. The TTZ is an eco-sensitive area spanning approximately 10,400 square kilometers, established to protect the Taj Mahal from industrial pollution. 2. Following the March 2025 Supreme Court judgment, the authority to approve tree felling on non-forest and private lands in the TTZ is vested exclusively with the State Government.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the disciplinary mechanisms for judges of the higher judiciary in India? 1. The Constitution of India explicitly prescribes both impeachment and in-house disciplinary warnings as methods to penalize errant judges. 2. The In-House Procedure for investigating complaints against judges was formally adopted by the Supreme Court in 1999.

With reference to the Supreme Court's 2025 judgment on sanitation in court premises (Rajeeb Kalita v. Union of India), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The Court declared access to clean toilets in courts as a fundamental right under Article 21. 2. The judgment mandated separate facilities exclusively for men and women, intentionally leaving out provisions for transgender individuals to be decided by individual states.

Which of the following statements regarding the Henley Passport Index 2026 is/are correct? 1. The rankings are based exclusively on data provided by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). 2. India climbed five spots to rank 80th, offering visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 55 destinations.

With reference to the ecological impact of invasive alien species in India, consider the following statements: 1. Lantana camara and Senna spectabilis are native floral species that help stabilize tiger habitats in southern India. 2. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework includes a specific target to reduce the rate of introduction and establishment of invasive alien species. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the 2026 regulations on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the insurance sector? 1. 100% FDI is now permitted in Indian insurance companies under the automatic route. 2. The framework requires that the entire Board of Directors must consist of resident Indian citizens to safeguard strategic interests.

With reference to Scramjet engine technology, consider the following statements: 1. Unlike Ramjet engines, Scramjet engines allow combustion to take place while the airflow within the engine is supersonic. 2. Scramjet engines can produce thrust at zero airspeed and therefore do not require an assisted take-off. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

Assertion (A): Following the 2025 Presidential Reference, the Supreme Court cannot examine the substantive merits of a Governor's decision to withhold assent to a Bill before it becomes law. Reason (R): The Governor's constitutional functions under Article 200 are absolutely immune from all forms of judicial review to maintain federal flexibility. Select the correct answer:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve and its recent expansion? 1. With the addition of the Matla, Raidighi, and Ramganga ranges, it has become India's largest tiger reserve. 2. The National Board for Wildlife (NBWL), which approved this expansion, is a statutory body chaired by the Prime Minister of India.

Assertion (A): Under the NDCT Amendment Rules 2026, pharmaceutical companies can manufacture biologics containing live microorganisms for analytical testing through the new 'prior intimation' route without waiting for formal approval. Reason (R): The government has adopted a risk-based regulatory framework to promote the Ease of Doing Business and reduce initial drug development timelines. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: