With reference to the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) under the UNFCCC, consider the following statements: 1. It was established under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement. 2. It mandates developing countries to submit Biennial Update Reports (BURs) instead of Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs). Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the 'Deepening the Corporate Bond Market in India' report? 1. It was released by the Reserve Bank of India to address asset-liability mismatches in commercial banks. 2. It recommends the deployment of digital innovations like tokenised bonds to improve market depth.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the India-France relationship as of February 2026? 1. The bilateral relationship was elevated to a 'Special Global Strategic Partnership' during the AI Impact Summit 2026. 2. The 'Horizon 2047' roadmap was originally adopted to chart cooperation exclusively in the civil nuclear energy sector.

Which of the following statements regarding the recently designated Ramsar sites in India is/are correct? 1. The addition of Khecheopalri Wetland and Udhwa Lake gave Sikkim and Jharkhand their first-ever Ramsar sites, respectively. 2. Following the addition of Sakkarakottai and Therthangal Bird Sanctuaries, Tamil Nadu holds the highest number of Ramsar sites among all Indian states.

Assertion (A): The Union Budget 2026-27 marks a strategic shift in India's pharmaceutical policy by heavily funding the Biopharma SHAKTI scheme. Reason (R): India's disease burden is increasingly shifting toward non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like cancer and autoimmune disorders, which are best treated using complex biological medicines. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

With reference to PM Modi's December 2024 state visit to Kuwait, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Kuwait since Indira Gandhi's visit in 1981. 2. During the visit, Kuwait formally joined the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

With reference to the legislative business concluded in the Budget Session 2025, consider the following statements: 1. The Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025 consolidates and repeals the Foreigners Act, 1946. 2. The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025 was passed directly by Parliament without being referred to any parliamentary committee. 3. 'Adjournment Sine Die' refers to terminating a sitting of Parliament without fixing a date for the next meeting. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Assertion (A): The initial phase of India's semiconductor manufacturing thrust prioritizes OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) facilities and mature node fabs over sub-10nm cutting-edge fabrication plants. Reason (R): Setting up OSAT facilities requires relatively lower capital investment, provides quicker entry into the global supply chain, and helps build foundational workforce skills before moving to complex front-end wafer fabrication. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Which of the following statements regarding the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) is/are correct? 1. Under Section 3 of AFSPA, only the State Government has the power to declare an area as 'disturbed'. 2. The Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy Committee (2004) recommended the complete repeal of AFSPA.

With reference to the NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) system and the NVS series of satellites, consider the following statements: 1. NVS satellites introduce the L1 frequency band to improve interoperability with global positioning systems like GPS. 2. The second-generation NVS satellites exclusively use imported atomic clocks to avoid the failures seen in earlier missions. 3. NavIC provides both a Standard Positioning Service (SPS) for civilian use and a Restricted Service (RS) for authorized military users. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the GI tag granted to Darjeeling Mandarin oranges, consider the following statements: 1. The GI tag ownership currently rests with Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya to ensure academic regulation of the crop. 2. The Citrus Tristeza virus has been a primary biological factor responsible for the decline of mandarin cultivation in the Darjeeling hills. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the powers of the Governor under Article 200 of the Constitution of India, consider the following statements: 1. The Constitution explicitly mandates a maximum six-month timeline for the Governor to act on a Bill passed by the State Legislature. 2. The Governor is constitutionally bound to reserve a Bill for the consideration of the President if it endangers the position of the State High Court. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): The Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha Act, 2025 completely removes IRDAI's power to intervene in the internal management of insurance companies to promote ease of doing business. Reason (R): The Act allows foreign direct investment up to 100 percent in Indian insurance companies under the automatic route. Select the correct answer:

With reference to the recommendations of the 55th GST Council meeting, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The GST rate on Fortified Rice Kernel (FRK) was reduced to 5 percent. 2. The GST on the margin of used electric vehicles (EVs) was reduced to encourage green mobility.

Assertion (A): The Axiom-4 mission is considered a crucial stepping stone for India's indigenous Gaganyaan program. Reason (R): Axiom-4 successfully tested the thermal protection system and crew escape mechanisms of the Gaganyaan orbital module in real space conditions. Select the correct answer:

Assertion (A): The Supreme Court mandated the 'upward movement' of meritorious PwD candidates to the unreserved list in public employment exams like the UPSC CSE. Reason (R): Retaining meritorious PwD candidates in the reserved quota amounts to hostile discrimination, as it consumes a reserved seat and excludes lower-scoring PwD candidates who are the intended beneficiaries of the RPwD Act. Select the correct answer:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Agni-Prime missile and its rail-based launcher system? 1. The Agni-Prime is a two-stage, solid-propellant ballistic missile with a range of over 5,000 km, making it India's longest-range Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). 2. The canisterised rail-based launch system enhances the missile's survivability by allowing it to blend with civilian rail traffic and operate with reduced visibility.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the appointment and strength of Supreme Court Judges in India? 1. The sanctioned strength of the Supreme Court of India is permanently fixed by the Constitution and can only be changed via a Constitutional Amendment. 2. The Supreme Court Collegium for appointing apex court judges consists of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the Court.

Consider the following statements regarding the seismicity of the Himalayan region: 1. The frequent earthquakes in the Himalayan belt are primarily caused by the divergent boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates. 2. The Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) represents the tectonic boundary where the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate collide. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding India's defence exports in FY 2024-25? 1. The private sector contributed a larger share to the total defence exports than the Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs). 2. The Government of India has set a target to achieve Rs 50,000 crore in defence exports by the year 2029.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and buffer stocks? 1. The Economic Cost of food grains to the FCI includes only the Minimum Support Price (MSP) paid to farmers. 2. The Shanta Kumar Committee recommended restructuring the FCI to reduce physical grain procurement and encourage direct cash transfers.

Assertion (A): The Biopharma SHAKTI scheme focuses on transitioning from traditional in-vivo animal testing to Non-Animal Methodologies (NAMs) like organoids. Reason (R): Animal models often fail to accurately predict human responses to complex biologics, leading to high failure rates in human clinical trials. Select the correct answer: