With reference to the National Quantum Mission and recent free-space quantum communication trials in India, consider the following statements: 1. Free-space Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) requires the installation of specialized underground dark optical fibers to maintain the entangled state of photons. 2. The National Quantum Mission was approved by the Union Cabinet in 2023 with the objective of developing intermediate-scale quantum computers and satellite-based secure quantum communications. 3. In quantum entanglement-based communication, any attempt by an eavesdropper to measure the photons instantly alters their quantum state, alerting the users. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Question

Accepted Answer

B) 2 and 3 only — Statement 1 is incorrect because free-space QKD transmits photons through the air, specifically eliminating the need for expensive underground optical fibers. Statements 2 and 3 are correct as the National Quantum Mission (approved in April 2023) focuses on these deliverables, and the core principle of quantum cryptography relies on the state collapse of entangled photons when intercepted, ensuring absolute security.

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