Assertion (A): The Shram Shakti Niti 2025 redefines the primary role of the Ministry of Labour and Employment from regulatory enforcement to acting as a 'National Employment Facilitator'. Reason (R): The policy seeks to entirely deregulate occupational safety standards for MSMEs by exempting them from the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH) Code 2020.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Supreme Court's December 2024 judgment on maintenance rights?

Assertion (A): The Economic Survey 2025-26 explicitly warned against the rapid expansion of unconditional cash transfers by state governments. Reason (R): In revenue-deficit states, excessive expenditure on unconditional cash transfers crowds out productive capital expenditure, thereby risking fiscal sustainability. Select the correct answer:

With reference to the newly discovered Tilari hairy snail (Lagocheilus hayaomiyazakii), consider the following statements: 1. It was discovered in the semi-evergreen forests of the Western Ghats in Maharashtra. 2. Its discovery extends the known range of its genus significantly southwards into the Indian Peninsula. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the WEF Global Risks Report 2025, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Misinformation and disinformation are highlighted as the primary risks dominating the ten-year long-term horizon. 2. State-based armed conflict is identified as the most pressing immediate global risk for the year 2025.

With reference to the National Designated Authority (NDA) for Carbon Markets constituted in August 2025, consider the following statements: 1. It was established under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 2. It is a 21-member committee chaired by the Prime Minister of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): The traditional Sabin monovalent oral polio vaccine type 2 (mOPV2) is currently the preferred tool by the WHO for routine response to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks. Reason (R): The live attenuated virus in traditional OPV can genetically mutate in under-immunized populations, regain neurovirulence, and cause paralysis. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Supreme Court's March 2026 circular on adjournment procedures? 1. It completely bars the circulation of adjournment letters in regular matters. 2. In fresh matters, an adjournment letter can be circulated multiple times without restriction if the opposing party does not object.

With reference to the Software Defined Radios (SDR) procured for the Indian Coast Guard, consider the following statements: 1. The procurement contract with Bharat Electronics Limited falls under the Buy (Indian-IDDM) category. 2. SDR technology is characterized by its reliance on fixed, single-purpose hardware to prevent signal jamming. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the 7th Assembly of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) held in 2024, consider the following statements: 1. India and France were elected as the President and Co-President of the ISA for the 2024-2026 term. 2. The assembly launched the Green Hydrogen Readiness Assessment for African Countries as part of its World Solar Report series. 3. Ashish Khanna was selected as the new Director General, succeeding Dr. Ajay Mathur. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the RBI's updated Master Direction on Repurchase Transactions (Repo) Directions, 2025, consider the following statements: 1. Municipal debt securities are now permitted as eligible collateral for repo transactions. 2. Municipal bonds pledged as collateral in repo transactions are subject to a minimum haircut of 2%. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the 20th G20 Leaders' Summit is/are correct? 1. It was the first G20 summit to be hosted on the African continent. 2. The African Union was officially inducted as a permanent member of the G20 during this summit in Johannesburg.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding malaria treatment and transmission?

Assertion (A): Hydrographic surveys conducted by the Indian Navy in foreign EEZs, such as Mauritius, play a direct role in reinforcing the host country's sovereign rights under UNCLOS. Reason (R): Hydrographic surveys accurately map the seabed and baselines, providing the legal and scientific basis required to demarcate maritime boundaries and regulate coastal resources. Select the correct answer:

With reference to the newly declared Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park, consider the following statements: 1. It serves as a contiguous wildlife corridor connecting Kaziranga National Park to Dibru-Saikhowa National Park. 2. It is a major habitat for the endangered Golden Langur and is located within the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR). Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): The Indian Ports Act, 2025 explicitly bars civil courts from entertaining commercial and operational disputes related to non-major ports. Reason (R): The Act establishes state-level Dispute Resolution Committees (DRCs) to ensure specialized and expedited adjudication of port-related conflicts. Select the correct answer:

With reference to the Himalayan Outpost for Planetary Exploration (HOPE) analog mission, consider the following statements: 1. It is located in the Tso Kar Valley of Ladakh to utilize its high-altitude, low-oxygen, and high-UV environment that mimics Martian conditions. 2. It is exclusively an unmanned robotic testing facility for ISRO's future Mars rovers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the renewed India-Denmark Energy Cooperation MoU (2025), consider the following statements: 1. It marks the first-ever energy partnership MoU signed between India and Denmark. 2. The renewed agreement broadens bilateral collaboration to include cross-border electricity trading and the development of EV charging infrastructure. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the Startup India Fund of Funds (FoF) is/are correct? 1. The fund operates by directly investing equity capital into early-stage startups via DPIIT. 2. The second iteration (FoF 2.0) has shifted focus to specifically prioritize deep tech and tech-driven innovative manufacturing startups.

With reference to the recently approved Durvalumab monotherapy for liver cancer, consider the following statements: 1. Durvalumab is a monoclonal antibody that acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor by targeting the PD-L1 pathway. 2. Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) refers to early-stage liver cancer that can be easily completely removed through surgery. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) restricts the ruling government from announcing new financial grants immediately after the Election Commission announces the poll schedule. Reason (R): The Model Code of Conduct derives its legal and punitive backing directly from Section 135B of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Select the correct answer from the codes below:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Supreme Court's February 2026 ruling on the POCSO Act and judicial sensitization? 1. The Supreme Court upheld the Allahabad High Court's decision to downgrade a minor's sexual assault charge from 'attempt' to 'preparation'. 2. The Supreme Court directed the National Judicial Academy to form an expert committee chaired by Justice Aniruddha Bose to frame guidelines for judicial sensitivity.