Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Odonates and Silent Valley National Park? 1. Odonates, which include dragonflies and damselflies, act as reliable bioindicators for the health of freshwater ecosystems. 2. Silent Valley National Park is located in the Western Ghats and is drained by the Kunthipuzha River.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the 2025 India-Mauritius bilateral agreements? 1. India announced a Special Economic Package to establish the first Jan Aushadhi Kendra outside India in Mauritius. 2. Both nations signed an MoU to establish a satellite telemetry and tracking station in Mauritius.

Which of the following statements regarding the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and its recent excavation reporting mandate is/are correct? 1. The new mandate requires excavating teams to submit a comprehensive project report within three months of fieldwork completion. 2. The ASI was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, who served as its first Director-General.

Which of the following statements regarding the inaugural India-EU Forum 2026 is/are correct? 1. It is a Track 1.5 diplomatic dialogue organized by the Ministry of External Affairs in partnership with the Ananta Centre. 2. The forum was held primarily to restart the stalled India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations.

With reference to the Pralay missile system, consider the following statements: 1. It is a solid-propellant, surface-to-surface quasi-ballistic missile. 2. It has an operational range exceeding 1,500 km. 3. Its quasi-ballistic trajectory prevents it from altering its path mid-air. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): According to Schumpeterian growth theory, government policies that strictly prevent any firm from acquiring even temporary monopoly power will maximize long-term economic growth. Reason (R): The process of creative destruction relies on the lure of temporary monopoly rents to incentivize entrepreneurs to invest heavily in research and development. Select the correct answer:

Which of the following statements regarding India's 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) is/are correct? 1. They use enriched uranium as fuel and light water as a moderator. 2. The 'fleet-mode' construction strategy aims to reduce costs and construction time through standardized designs.

Assertion (A): The Karnataka government's March 2025 addition of the Chornadehalli and Kaithotlu forests to the Bhadra Tiger Reserve buffer zone required prior approval from the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL). Reason (R): Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, State Governments cannot alter the boundaries of any Tiger Reserve without the recommendation of the National Tiger Conservation Authority and approval of the NBWL. Select the correct answer:

With reference to India's maritime claims and the Extended Continental Shelf (ECS), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. A coastal nation can claim an ECS beyond its 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone by providing scientific proof of geological extension to the UN CLCS. 2. India's modified ECS claims in the Arabian Sea were split into two partial submissions primarily to resolve an overlapping boundary dispute with Oman.

With reference to the ecological impact of invasive plant species in India, consider the following statements: 1. Prosopis juliflora was originally introduced in India to prevent desertification but has now become highly invasive in arid and semi-arid regions. 2. The spread of Lantana camara in tiger reserves increases the long-term carrying capacity of the habitat by providing highly nutritious fodder for native herbivores. 3. Tamil Nadu's PIPER initiative is India's first state policy aimed at the systematic eradication of invasive alien plants like Senna spectabilis. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the World Economic Outlook (WEO)? 1. It is a flagship report published biannually by the World Bank to assess global economic developments. 2. The October 2025 report highlighted a divergence in growth trends, noting sluggishness in advanced economies alongside resilience in emerging markets like India.

Assertion (A): The draft Indian Insurance Companies (Foreign Investment) Amendment Rules, 2025 removed the mandate requiring foreign-majority insurers to retain 50% of net profits in general reserves when their solvency margin falls below 180%. Reason (R): The government aims to eliminate discriminatory corporate governance and dividend repatriation guardrails that applied exclusively to foreign-owned insurers, aligning them with domestic peers. Select the correct answer:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the monetary policy tools and stances of the Reserve Bank of India? 1. A reduction in the repo rate is generally intended to decrease the money supply in the economy. 2. A 'neutral' monetary policy stance indicates that the central bank can either cut or increase interest rates depending on incoming economic data.

Assertion (A): The President's Address at the beginning of the Budget Session is debated in Parliament strictly through the 'Motion of Thanks'. Reason (R): Parliament cannot directly debate or critique the President's Address because the President is the nominal head of state, and the address is drafted by the Cabinet representing the government's policy. Select the correct answer:

Assertion (A): The 2008 Delimitation Order did not reserve any seats for Scheduled Tribes in the Goa Legislative Assembly despite their population constituting over 10% of the state by 2011. Reason (R): The 2008 Delimitation Order was strictly based on the 2001 census, during which the major tribal communities of Goa were classified as Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and not as Scheduled Tribes. Select the correct answer:

Assertion (A): The adoption of India's resolution at Ramsar COP15 represents a shift in wetland management from purely regulatory approaches to those incorporating behavioral economics and community choices. Reason (R): The resolution legally mandates the eviction of human settlements from the core zones of all Ramsar sites to prevent behavioral interference with the wetlands' ecological character. Select the correct answer from the following codes:

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) and its policy tools?

With reference to the Environment Protection (End-of-Life Vehicles) Rules, 2025, consider the following statements: 1. They make it mandatory for bulk consumers owning 100 or more vehicles to register on the designated portal and file annual returns. 2. The Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets under these rules are primarily based on the recycling of plastic and electronic components of the vehicles. 3. Agricultural machinery such as tractors and harvesters are explicitly excluded from the purview of these rules. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the World Economic Outlook (WEO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)? 1. The World Economic Outlook is a flagship report published by the World Bank. 2. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) are an international reserve asset created by the IMF to supplement the official reserves of its member countries.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus)? 1. It comprises the ten ASEAN member states and eight Dialogue Partners, including India, China, and the United States. 2. At the 11th ADMM-Plus in Lao PDR, India emphasized adherence to UNCLOS for maintaining freedom of navigation in the Indo-Pacific.

With reference to the Gyan Bharatam Mission, consider the following statements: 1. It is a restructured version of the National Mission for Manuscripts which was originally established in 2003. 2. It aims to create a National Digital Repository using AI-assisted text recognition to digitize ancient knowledge systems. 3. The initiative operates under the nodal authority of the Ministry of Education. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): The Lokpal recently held that it lacks jurisdiction over Supreme Court judges but asserted jurisdiction over High Court judges under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. Reason (R): Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President under Article 124, whereas High Court judges are appointed by the State Governors under laws enacted by the Parliament. Select the correct answer: