Question 1

The Winter Session is strictly mandated by the Constitution to occur every December.

Accepted Answer

Article 85 only mandates that the gap between two parliamentary sessions must not exceed six months; it does not specify fixed months or names for any sessions.

Question 2

Adjournment sine die automatically terminates a session of Parliament.

Accepted Answer

Adjournment sine die only terminates a sitting of Parliament for an indefinite period. The session itself is only terminated upon 'prorogation' by the President.

Question 3

Consider the following statements regarding the sessions and functioning of the Indian Parliament:
1. The Constitution of India explicitly mandates the holding of the Budget, Monsoon, and Winter sessions.
2. The power to adjourn a House 'sine die' rests exclusively with the President of India.
3. According to Article 85, a gap of more than six months cannot exist between the last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

(a) Only one — Statement 1 is incorrect: The Constitution does not name any specific sessions (like Budget, Monsoon, or Winter); it only dictates the maximum gap between sessions. Statement 2 is incorrect: Adjournment sine die is done by the Presiding Officer (Speaker/Chairman), not the President. The President prorogues the session. Statement 3 is correct: Article 85(1) mandates that six months shall not intervene between the last sitting in one session and the first sitting in the next. Therefore, only one statement is correct.

Question 4

Match List I (Parliamentary Terms) with List II (Meaning/Authority) and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
List I:
A. Adjournment
B. Adjournment sine die
C. Prorogation
D. Dissolution

List II:
1. Terminates a sitting without naming a day for reassembly.
2. Ends the life of the existing Lok Sabha.
3. Suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time.
4. Terminates a session of the House.

Accepted Answer

(a) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 — Adjournment (A) suspends a sitting for a specified time (3). Adjournment sine die (B) terminates a sitting for an indefinite period without naming a day for reassembly (1). Prorogation (C) terminates a session of the House and is done by the President (4). Dissolution (D) ends the life of the existing Lok Sabha (2).

Question 5

Assertion (A): When the Lok Sabha is adjourned sine die by the Speaker, it does not mean the immediate prorogation of the House.
Reason (R): Prorogation is formally executed by the President of India under Article 85(2) of the Constitution, usually a few days after the House is adjourned sine die.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Accepted Answer

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. — Assertion (A) is true because 'adjournment sine die' only terminates the sitting indefinitely, not the session itself. Reason (R) is also true and correctly explains why A is true: the formal termination of the session (prorogation) requires a distinct constitutional act by the President under Article 85(2), which happens independently of the Speaker's adjournment.

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