Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the V-Dem Democracy Report?
1. It is published annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
2. It utilizes the Liberal Democracy Index (LDI) to measure the state of democracy across countries.

Question

Accepted Answer

B. 2 only — Statement 1 is incorrect because the report is published by the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Institute at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, not the UNDP. Statement 2 is correct as V-Dem uses the Liberal Democracy Index (LDI) as its primary metric to evaluate democratic qualities.

V-Dem Democracy Report 2026 Publication

Seven Indian Natural Sites Added to UNESCO Tentative List