Assertion (A): Environmental Clearance and e-auctions for sand mining cannot legally proceed based on a draft District Survey Report (DSR). Reason (R): A finalized DSR is required to accurately map the natural sand replenishment rate and assess ecological impact before any extraction rights are auctioned. Select the correct answer from the following:

With reference to the regulation of Genetically Modified (GM) crops in India, consider the following statements: 1. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. 2. India is a signatory to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which governs the international movement of living modified organisms. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the EU-India Security and Defence Partnership?

Which of the following statements regarding the Nipah virus is/are correct? 1. It is a zoonotic virus naturally harbored by Pteropus species (fruit bats). 2. There is currently a globally approved vaccine available for routine immunization against the Nipah virus.

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the recent discoveries of endemic species in India?

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the legislative procedure for Money Bills in the Indian Parliament? 1. A Money Bill can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha on the prior recommendation of the President. 2. The Rajya Sabha has the power to reject a Money Bill if it disagrees with its tax provisions.

Which of the following statements regarding the Ramsar Convention and wetlands in India is/are correct? 1. The Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites on the List of Wetlands of International Importance where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur. 2. Loktak Lake in Manipur is currently listed on the Montreux Record due to ecological problems caused by the Ithai Barrage.

With reference to the newly notified Ratapani Tiger Reserve, consider the following statements: 1. It is the 8th Tiger Reserve of Madhya Pradesh. 2. It encompasses the UNESCO World Heritage site of Khajuraho Group of Monuments. 3. The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) gave in-principle approval for this reserve in 2008. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Assertion (A): The Economic Survey 2024-25 emphasizes the need for structural supply-side interventions rather than just monetary policy tools to manage food inflation. Reason (R): Food inflation in India is highly sensitive and easily controlled by changes in the policy repo rate set by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).

Assertion (A): The adoption of tethered caps can complicate the final processing stage at plastic recycling facilities. Reason (R): PET bottles and tethered HDPE/PP caps have different melting points and densities, requiring separation before final extrusion.

Which of the following statements regarding the Preamble to the Indian Constitution is/are correct? 1. The words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were added to the Preamble by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act. 2. In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be amended.

With reference to the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme and the NHRC, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The ITEC programme is a bilateral assistance program administered by the Ministry of External Affairs. 2. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a constitutional body established under the Constitution of India.

Which of the following statements regarding the Viksit Bharat Gram Rozgar Mission (VB-GRM) is/are correct? 1. It completely replaces the legal guarantee of employment under MGNREGA with a mandatory urban migration initiative. 2. It aims to shift the focus of rural employment programs toward the creation of durable rural infrastructure and sustainable livelihoods.

Assertion (A): The State Government cannot unilaterally alter the boundaries of an already notified Wildlife Sanctuary without central oversight. Reason (R): Section 26A of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 states that no alteration of boundaries of a sanctuary shall be made except on the recommendation of the National Board for Wildlife. Select the correct answer:

Which of the following statements regarding the GSAT-N2 satellite mission is/are correct? 1. It is the first time ISRO's commercial arm, NSIL, has utilized a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket for a satellite launch. 2. The GSAT-N2 was launched on an indigenous LVM3 rocket from Sriharikota to showcase India's heavy-lift capabilities.

Assertion (A): The Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2026 defers the stringent recycled content targets for plastic used in food contact applications. Reason (R): India currently faces a deficit in adequate infrastructure and stringent safety approvals required to produce food-grade recycled polymers. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Assertion (A): The Parliament passed the Industrial Relations Code (Amendment) Bill, 2026 to explicitly clarify the formal repeal date of older labour laws as November 2025. Reason (R): Under the Indian Constitution, the executive branch cannot use delegated legislation to indefinitely suspend or repeal parent statutes without explicit parliamentary authorization. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

Which of the following statements regarding the Aadhaar-Based Payment System (ABPS) in MGNREGS is/are correct? 1. ABPS requires a worker's Aadhaar number to be linked with both their MGNREGS job card and their bank account. 2. The primary objective of mandatory e-KYC in MGNREGS is to increase the guaranteed wage employment from 100 to 150 days for all rural households.

Consider the following statements regarding the India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA): 1. It eliminates tariffs on 99% of Indian exports to the UK. 2. It includes a Double Contribution Convention that permanently exempts Indian professionals from paying income tax in the UK. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to India's Electric Vehicle (EV) transition and climate targets, consider the following statements: 1. NITI Aayog's strategy reinforces the national target to achieve a 30% electric vehicle share in total vehicle sales by 2030. 2. The FAME India Scheme focuses exclusively on the establishment of public charging infrastructure. 3. India's official target to achieve Net Zero carbon emissions is set for the year 2070. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Article 224A of the Constitution of India deals with the appointment of retired judges at sittings of High Courts. 2. According to the recent Supreme Court directives, ad-hoc judges can only be appointed to High Courts if their judicial vacancies exceed 20% of the sanctioned strength.

Which of the following statements regarding the Approved List of Models and Manufacturers (ALMM) framework in the renewable energy sector is/are correct? 1. The mandatory requirement for domestic prototype testing of wind turbine components has been permanently abolished to attract foreign investment. 2. The ALMM framework serves as both a quality assurance mechanism and a non-tariff barrier to promote domestic manufacturing.