The Bhojshala-Kamal Maula Mosque is a medieval structure in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, that is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the subject of a long-standing dispute over its religious character. Hindus claim it is the Bhojshala, a temple dedicated to Goddess Vagdevi (Saraswati), while Muslims regard it as the Kamal Maula Mosque. Its origin dates back to c. 1010–1055 AD, when Raja Bhoj of the Paramara Dynasty established it as a Sanskrit college (shala) and center for learning. Historical accounts suggest the structure was converted into a mosque during the Malwa Sultanate period (roughly 14th–15th centuries). The complex has been a protected monument since March 18, 1904, under the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904, and is now governed by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (AMASR) Act, 1958.
Until recently, the site operated under a 2003 ASI arrangement that permitted Hindus to perform puja on Tuesdays and Muslims to offer namaz on Fridays. This mechanism was significantly changed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court on May 15, 2026, which declared the religious character of the complex to be the Bhojshala with a temple of Goddess Vagdevi. The court quashed the April 7, 2003, ASI order that restricted Hindu worship and permitted Friday namaz. This judgment followed a 2024 ASI survey which concluded the existing structure was made from parts of earlier temples. Following the ruling, the ASI issued a May 16 order allowing Hindu devotees unrestricted daily worship rights. The overall administration remains with the ASI, and the court's decision drew on principles from the Ayodhya-Babri Masjid case. The court also directed the government to consider the repatriation of the original Vagdevi idol from the British Museum, London.