India's Energy Transition is a national-level strategic concept and policy framework aimed at shifting the country's energy mix from fossil fuels to cleaner, renewable sources. The transition is driven by the dual imperatives of meeting rapidly rising energy demand for economic growth and mitigating climate change, while also enhancing energy security. Its modern form originated with the announcement of the Panchamrit (five nectars) commitments by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the COP26 summit in Glasgow on November 1, 2021. This pledge enhanced India's earlier Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets submitted under the Paris Agreement (2015).
The mechanism works through five core targets, formally translated into an updated NDC approved by the Union Cabinet in August 2022. The key provisions include achieving 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030, meeting 50% of energy requirements from renewable sources by 2030, and reducing the emissions intensity of GDP by 45% by 2030 (over 2005 levels). The long-term goal is to achieve Net-Zero emissions by 2070. Key schemes implementing this include the National Solar Mission and the National Green Hydrogen Mission, which was approved in January 2023 with an outlay of ₹19,744 crore. The concept connects directly to the Paris Agreement (2015) and the broader National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), first launched in 2008. Recently, the transition has seen significant progress, with India achieving the target of 50% of cumulative installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources in 2025, five years ahead of the 2030 deadline. The updated NDC submitted in April 2026 further raised the target for non-fossil fuel-based installed power capacity to 60% by 2035.