Mobilisation of Resources is a fundamental concept in the Indian economy, defined as the management process of identifying, organizing, and utilizing a nation's natural, human, and financial resources to achieve its developmental goals and sustain economic growth. The concept has been central to India's planned development strategy since its independence in 1947, evolving dramatically from 1950 onwards to finance public investment and address the need for capital formation.
The mechanism primarily involves the government using fiscal policy to generate revenue and channel savings into productive investments. The public sector mobilises financial resources through three main sources: Tax revenues (like direct taxes such as Income Tax and indirect taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax), Non-tax revenues (such as dividends from Public Sector Undertakings), and External sources (like Foreign Direct Investment and sovereign borrowings). A key provision is the use of public borrowing, where the government issues bonds and securities to mobilise private savings.
The concept connects directly to several related acts and initiatives, including the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, which mandates fiscal discipline. A significant recent change was the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017, which replaced a complex web of indirect taxes to simplify the tax regime and widen the tax base. Furthermore, the government has focused on asset monetisation through the National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP), which identified assets worth ₹6 lakh crores for monetisation over FY 2022-25. The use of the Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) trinity for Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) has also been a recent change to rationalise subsidies and reduce resource leakage.