The Panchamrit is a concept representing India's five-point climate action plan, announced as a set of national commitments to the international community. The term, meaning "five nectars" in Sanskrit, was unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK, in November 2021. It was created to intensify India's climate action and set a clear, ambitious roadmap for the country's transition to a clean and climate-resilient economy.
The strategy works through five key provisions, which are targets to be achieved by 2030, with one long-term goal:
- Increasing non-fossil fuel energy capacity to 500 GW.
- Meeting 50% of energy requirements from renewable energy.
- Reducing the total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes.
- Reducing the carbon intensity of the economy by 45% over 2005 levels.
- Achieving the target of net zero emissions by 2070.
The Panchamrit connects directly to the global climate framework established by the Paris Agreement (COP21) and the subsequent Glasgow Climate Pact. It significantly updated India's previous climate pledge under the Paris Agreement, which was to achieve 40% of installed capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030—a target India achieved ahead of schedule by 2021. The new commitments are more ambitious and are supported by related initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for renewable energy. An earlier, less common usage of "Panchamrit" referred to five pillars of foreign policy adopted by the BJP in 2015.