V-dem’s democracy index rates India at its lowest since 1975
The UN CERD’s concerns about the exclusion of a large number of voters is in line with the V-Dem Institute’s data on India’s democratic backslide
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Context
The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination () has expressed deep concern over reports of large-scale violations by law enforcement and the exclusion of voters, particularly Muslims, during the revision of electoral rolls in India. This aligns with the findings of the 's latest democracy report, which categorizes India as an 'autocratizing' country and marks its electoral democracy index score at the lowest point since the 1975 Emergency.
UPSC Perspectives
Polity
The observations made by the and the directly challenge the perceived health of India's democratic framework, a core component of the UPSC syllabus. The concerns regarding the exclusion of voters, particularly marginalized groups, touch upon the fundamental right to equality and political participation enshrined in the Constitution. For instance, guarantees universal adult suffrage, ensuring every citizen has the right to vote. If systematic exclusion is occurring, it undermines this constitutional mandate. Furthermore, the reported decline in the autonomy of institutions, such as the (referenced as the Election Management Body), raises questions about the structural integrity of India's democratic process. A strong, independent is crucial for free and fair elections, a basic feature of the Constitution. The erosion of judicial accountability, as highlighted by , also points towards a potential weakening of the checks and balances system, essential for preventing the concentration of power.
Governance
The 's report highlights a systemic dismantling of democratic institutions, a critical issue for governance. The decline in the autonomy of institutions and the impartial administration by public officials suggests a shift away from good governance principles, such as transparency, accountability, and the rule of law. The reported deterioration in freedom of academic and cultural expression, along with the harassment of journalists, further underscores a challenging environment for democratic discourse. Governance requires a robust civil society and a free press to hold the government accountable. When these pillars are weakened, it can lead to increased corruption, decreased public trust, and ultimately, a failure of governance to serve the people effectively. The UPSC often examines the role of independent bodies and civil society in maintaining healthy governance structures.
International Relations
The 's criticism and the 's low rating have significant implications for India's international standing and its bilateral relations. India often projects itself as the world's largest democracy, a key aspect of its soft power. These negative assessments can damage this image, potentially affecting diplomatic engagements and foreign investments. Human rights issues and democratic backsliding are increasingly becoming factors in international relations, influencing trade agreements and strategic partnerships. For example, concerns over human rights violations can lead to international pressure or even sanctions. The UPSC syllabus includes the study of India's relations with global organizations and its role in the international arena, making this topic relevant for understanding the complexities of global diplomacy and the impact of domestic policies on foreign relations.